|
| Clinical form | Disease course |
|
| Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) | Identified by acute or subacute onset of monophasic episode suggestive of MS that does not complete the current MS criteria. The episode persists for more than 24 h and commonly impacts the optic nerve, brain stem, or spinal cord |
| About 30% up to 70% of the CIS cases obtain MS |
| About 10%-85% of patients with optic neuritis can develop MS |
| About 50%-60% of patients with brainstem syndromes and optic neuritis can develop MS |
| About 40%-60% of patients with spinal cord can develop MS |
| The age of initial diagnosis is between 20 and 45 years |
| Women to men ratio ranging from 2 : 1 to 5 : 1 |
|
| Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) | Manifested by relapses persisting for days to weeks, followed by complete or partial remissions continuing for months or years |
| Represents about 85% of cases |
| The age of initial diagnosis between 20 and 30 years |
| Women to men ratio between 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 |
|
| Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) | Manifested by increasing of disability after the first relapsing period of the disease |
| About 75% of RRMS cases developed into SPMS within the first 15 years of diagnosis |
|
| Primary progressive MS (PPMS) | Identified by constant functional deterioration from the beginning of the disease |
| Represent about 15% of cases |
| Appears after RRMS (10 years) |
| Women to men ratio 1 : 1 |
|
