Immunomodulatory Effects of Combination Therapy with Bushen Formula plus Entecavir for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

Figure 2

Phenotypic characterization of circulating Th1, Treg, and DCs and expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 on immune cells in CHB patients. This panel is based on surface markers CD3, CD8, IFN-γ, CD4, CD25, Foxp3, LIN1, HLA-DR, PD-1, and PD-L1. All cells were gated using a FSC-H/SSC-A dot plot. (a) Among PBMCs, CD3⁺CD8⁻ cells were defined as CD4⁺ T cells. Among CD4⁺ T cells, CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells were Th1 and then MFI of PD-1 expression on Th1 was analyzed. (b) Among PBMCs, CD4⁺ cells were gated and then CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ cells were defined as Treg. MFI of PD-1 expression on Treg was analyzed. (c) Among PBMCs, LIN1⁻ cells were gated and then LIN1⁻HLA-DR⁺ cells were defined as DCs. MFI of PD-L1 expression on DCs was analyzed.

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