Human Type I Interferon Antiviral Effects in Respiratory and Reemerging Viral Infections

Table 2

Some interferon-stimulated genes that inhibit respiratory virus and flavivirus infections.

ISG	Viruses shown to be susceptible	Mechanism/component of innate immune system augmented by ISG	References
	Respiratory viruses
Viperin	Influenza A virus; HRV; RSV	TLR-7/9 (IRAK1/TRAF6); NF-κB1/p50, AP-1	[305, 306]
ZAP	Influenza A virus	RIG-I	[307]
TRIM56	Influenza A and B viruses; HCoV OC43	STING, TLR-3/TRIF	[308, 309]
TRIM21	HRV	cGAS, RIG-I,	[310]
ISG20	Influenza A and B viruses	Nucleoprotein blockade	[311, 312]
TDRD7	RSV; PIV	Autophagy inhibition	[313]
	Flaviviruses
IFITM2/3	DENV; WNV	Entry and/or uncoating disruption	[314, 316]
Viperin	DENV	Restriction of early DENV RNA production/accumulation, via interaction with DENV NS3 and replication complexes	[315]
RyDEN	DENV	Interference with DENV translation via interaction with viral RNA and cellular mRNA-binding proteins	[317]
OAS	DENV	Blockade in DENV replication	[318]
ISG15	DENV; ZIKV; WNV; JEV	Inhibition of viral replication	[321–324]
IFI6	YFV; WNV; DENV	Prevention of virus-induced ER membrane invaginations formation, that house replication machinery	[320]
TRIM69	DENV	DENV NS3 ubiquitination and degradation, thus interrupting DENV replication	[319]
Schlafen 11	WNV; DENV; ZIKV	Viral replication restriction by regulating tRNA abundance	[325]