Perivascular Lymphocyte Clusters Induced by Gastric Subserous Layer Vaccination Mediate Optimal Immunity against Helicobacter through Facilitating Immune Cell Infiltration and Local Antibody Response

Figure 3

Perivascular lymphocyte clusters contributed to increased infiltrates of immune cells in gastric mucosa. Mice were administered as described in Figure 2(a) and the table of Figure 2(b). The single cells from gastric mucosa were analyzed by flow cytometry. The number of leukocytes (c), the percentage of total CD4⁺ T among CD3⁺ T cells, (a) and the number of total CD4⁺ T cells (b) were shown. (d–g) Single cells from gastric mucosa were stimulated with naïve CFSE-labeled splenocytes that were preloaded with CCF, and then the percentage and number of IFN-γ/IL-17-producing CD4⁺ T cells were detected. (h) Frozen sections of gastric tissue from the indicated partner challenged with H. felis were stained with antibodies against CD4 (green), and nuclei were treated with DAPI (Blue). Scale bars indicated 200 μm. (i) Counts of CD4 cells per 0.25 mm² were randomly chosen and calculated. Values are the (). All indicated values were tested using the ANOVA analyses or t tests. ; ; n.s.: not significant.

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