Toll-Like Receptors in Natural Killer Cells and Their Application for Immunotherapy

Figure 3

Application of TLR agonists for NK cell-mediated therapy. NK cells are activated directly by TLR agonists through TLRs or indirectly by NK cell-activating cytokines released by dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦ). NK cells also activate DCs and macrophages by secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α.