The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence

Figure 1

The role of gut microbiota in respiratory disease and homeostasis. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to respiratory diseases (a), while a healthy gut microbiota plays a protective role in the lung (b). The gut microbiota is influenced by several factors, including antibiotics, probiotics, cigarette smoke, diets, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and is associated with lung health and disease by regulating the respiratory immunity and inflammation through the blood and lymphatic system. : increase; : decrease.

(a)

(b)