Evaluation of the Ability of Miltefosine Associated with Topical GM-CSF in Modulating the Immune Response of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Figure 3

Miltefosine treatment induces CD4⁺ T cell proliferation, and its association with GM-CSF enhances CD8⁺ T cell proliferation by PBMC from CL patients. PBMC from CL patients treated with miltefosine + GM-CSF (), miltefosine + placebo (), and Sb^v () were cultured for 5 days in the presence of SLA on day 0 and 15 of therapy. Cells were stained with anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti-Ki67. Data were collected using flow cytometry and analyzed by FlowJo® software. (a) Representative gating strategy on CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and Ki-67⁺ expression in lymphocytes from one CL patient. (b) The data represent the ratio between the proliferation found at day 15 and day 0 of treatment from CL patients inserted in the treatment groups added by 100. The data is represented with median and interquartile range. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney’s test for unpaired groups and Wilcoxon’s rank test for paired measurements; and .

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