Cancer Vaccines: Toward the Next Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy

Table 1

A list of currently approved cancer immunotherapies.

	FDA/EMA	MHLW (Japan)
Nivolumab (Anti-PD-1 Ab)	Melanoma	Melanoma
	non-small cell lung cancer	non-small cell lung cancer
	renal cell carcinoma	renal cell carcinoma
	Hodgkin's lymphoma	Hodgkin's lymphoma
	Head neck cancer	Head neck cancer
	MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer	gastric cancer
	hepatocellular carcinoma	diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma
	small cell lung cancer	Esophageal cancer
		MSI-high colorectal cancer
Pembrolizumab (Anti-PD-1 Ab)	Melanoma	Melanoma
	non-small cell lung cancer	non-small cell lung cancer
	Head neck cancer	Urothelial cancer
	Hodgkin's lymphoma	MSI-high solid tumor
	Urothelial cancer	renal cell carcinoma (combination)
	MSI-high colorectal cancer	Head neck cancer (mono/combination)
	MSI-high cancer
	gastric cancer
	cervical cancer
	hepatocellular carcinoma
	Merkel cell carcinoma
	renal cell carcinoma
	endometrial cancer
Avelmab (Anti-PD-L1 Ab)	Merkel cell carcinoma	Merkel cell carcinoma
	renal cell carcinoma	renal cell carcinoma (combination)
	Urothelial cancer
Atezolizumab (Anti-PD-L1 Ab)	Urothelial cancer	non-small cell lung cancer
	non-small cell lung cancer	extensive-disease small cell lung cancer.
	breast cencer	triple negative breast cancer
	small cell lung cancer
Durvalumab (Anti-PD-L1 Ab)	Urothelial cancer	non-small cell lung cancer (stage 3)
	non-small cell lung cancer
Ipilimumab (Anti-CTLA4 Ab)	Melanoma	Melanoma (mono/combination)
	renal cell carcinoma	renal cell carcinoma (combination)
	MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer
Kymriah (CAR-T)	B-ALL (<25 yars-old)	B-ALL (<25 yars-old)
	DLBCL (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
Yescarta (CAR-T)	DLBCL (Hodgkin's lymphoma)	not approved
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) (DC-vaccine)	Prostate cancer	not approved

Combination with axitinib, monotherapy or combination with chemotherapy, monotherapy or combination with nivolumab, combination with nivolumab. MSI-H/dMMR: microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair; B-ALL: B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; DLBCL: diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Ab: antibody; PD-1: programmed death-1; PD-L1: programmed death ligand-1; CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; DC: dendritic cell; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; EMA: European Medicines Agency; MHLW: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.