Chloroquine and Rapamycin Augment Interleukin-37 Expression via the LC3, ERK, and AP-1 Axis in the Presence of Lipopolysaccharides

Figure 2

Effects of LPS and autophagy-modifying drugs on IL-37 and IL-1β expression in human PBMCs. (a) PBMCs from a healthy donor were isolated and treated with LPS and autophagy-modifying reagents for 24 h in vitro. Brefeldin A was also added to block protein transport for 12 h. Within the monocyte subgroups gated by their FS and SS characteristics, histograms of intracellular IL-37 staining detected by flow cytometry analysis are shown. (b) Columns indicate the proportions of intracellular IL-37-positive monocytes. (c) Columns indicate the proportions of intracellular IL-1β-positive monocytes. (d) Supernatant IL-37 levels determined by ELISA, and each sample was assayed in triplicate ().

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)