Immunological Evaluation for Personalized Interventions in Children with Tuberculosis: Should It Be Routinely Performed?

Table 2

Innate (NLR/TLR and IFN-γ receptors) responses, antioxidant levels, and adaptive IL-12 receptor responses elicited within the study group.

Stimulated receptor	NOD1^a	NOD2^a	TLR2^a	TLR4^a	TLR9^a		Antioxidant levels^b		IFN-γ receptor^c					IL-12 receptor^d
Subject	TriDAP	MDP	Pam-3-cys	LPS	CpG	Type of response	GSH (nmol/mg protein)	Type of response	LPS	LPS+rhIFN-γ 100 IU	LPS+rhIFN-γ 500 IU	LPS+rhIFN-γ 1000 IU	Type of response	rhIL-12	PHA	rhIL-12+PHA	Type of response
Patient 1	296	990	25480	26090	126	Low NLR	0.5	Low	364	4391	4041	7841	Adequate	11	2461	3029	Low
Patient 2	891	2393	24672	55372	208	Adequate	1.6	Adequate	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	0	23793	65315	High
Patient 3	1142	10393	48171	31838	0	Adequate	1.2	Adequate	2071	3989	4013	2460	Adequate	0	469	12597	Low
Patient 4	0	1153	28253	24187	0	Low NLR	1.7	Adequate	845	3181	9738	8647	Adequate	0	4619	15450	Low
Patient 5	2109	10293	54982	45682	382	Adequate	2.1	Adequate	2146	2744	1618	3228	Adequate	10	13172	25972	Adequate
Patient 6	0	32166	59726	38926	0	Adequate	1.3	Adequate	1905	567	1861	1099	Adequate	2	7754	20511	Low
Patient 7	21680	30780	114900	52480	1690	High	1.6	Adequate	144	187	206	285	Low	5	248	1677	Low
Patient 8	0	2917	90728	72478	0	Adequate	1.4	Adequate	1826	348	0.2	0	Low	nd	nd	nd
Healthy donors () median, 99% CI [LL, UL]	803 [160.7, 1967]	5158 [1210, 23050]	49189 [23306, 74664]	45903 [25933, 92485]	163.3 [0.0, 789.2]	Reference value	1.575 [1.160, 1.760]	Reference value	2365 [197.3, 7403]	5924 [861.5, 12150]	7754 [529.9, 10925]	9017 [844.9, 11557]	Reference value	17.37 [0.0, 78.34]	17036 [9337, 25752]	34088 [27614, 58018]	Reference value

^aReadout IL-8 production, pg/ml. NLR and TLR response was defined as low or high: outside LL or UL values of the 99% CI in the healthy volunteers. ^bLow antioxidant levels: value below to LL with a 99% CI in the healthy volunteers. ^cReadout TNF-α production, pg/ml. Low or high response of IFNGR was defined as TNF-α concentration outside LL or UL value of the 99% CI in the healthy volunteers. The IFNGR receptor increases <100% of the TNF-α concentration after LPS+rhIFN-γ vs. LPS alone. ^dReadout IFN-γ production, pg/ml. Low or high response of IL-12R was defined as IFN-γ concentration outside LL or UL values of the 99% CI in the healthy volunteers. The IL-12 increases <100% of the IFN-γ production after rhIL-12 plus PHA stimulation with respect to PHA alone. CI: confidence interval; LL: lower limit; UL: upper limit; nd: not determined.