Protective Effects of Thalidomide on High-Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through In Vitro Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Differentiation

Figure 5

Effects of thalidomide on TNF-α and IL-1β level in podocyte. (a) TNF-α level. (b) IL-1β level. Values were expressed as the (). ; versus 11.1 mM glucose. ^#; versus (33.3 mM glucose) MS. ^&; versus 33.3 mM glucose. Abbreviations: (33.3 mM glucose) MS: the supernatant from 33.3 mM glucose-treated macrophage; (Tha50) MS: supernatant from 50 μg/ml thalidomide and 33.3 mM glucose-treated macrophage; (Tha100) MS: supernatant from 100 μg/ml thalidomide and 33.3 mM glucose-treated macrophage; (Tha200) MS: supernatant from 200 μg/ml thalidomide and 33.3 mM glucose-treated macrophage.

(a)

(b)