Clinical Features and Outcomes of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in China

Table 3

Prognostic analysis of clinical characteristics of NPSLE patients.

Risk factors	Dead group (), (%)	Survival group (), (%)		value
Female	15 (93.8)	165 (92.7)	0.049	0.824
Age older than 25 years	12 (75.0)	111 (62.4)	1.394	0.238
Seizure	9 (56.3)	62 (34.8)	2.945	0.086
Acute confusional state	5 (31.3)	44 (24.7)	0.345	0.557
Cerebrovascular disease	4 (25.0)	27 (15.2)	0.823	0.364
Psychosis	0 (0)	22 (12.4)	2.229	0.135
Rash	11 (68.8)	15 (70.2)	0.002	0.964
Oral ulcer	3 (18.8)	36 (20.2)	0.002	0.963
Vasculitis	0 (0)	12 (6.7)	1.099	0.294
Arthritis	8 (50.0)	52 (29.2)	2.795	0.095
Serositis	9 (56.3)	75 (42.1)	0.880	0.348
Respiratory involvement	5 (31.3)	28 (15.7)	2.422	0.120
Cardiac involvement	6 (37.5)	68 (38.2)	0.001	0.970
Renal involvement	12 (75.0)	90 (50.6)	3.108	0.078
Proteinuria	13 (81.3)	94 (52.8)	4.436	0.035
Elevated serum creatinine	6 (37.5)	19 (10.7)	10.584	0.001
Hematological involvement	10 (62.5)	103 (57.9)	0.156	0.693
Hypocomplementemia	16 (100)	137 (80.0)	4.666	0.031
Anti-dsDNA positive	9 (56.3)	88 (49.4)	0.273	0.602
Anti-Sm positive	6 (37.5)	64 (36.0)	0.031	0.861
Anti-RNP positive	8 (16.0)	93 (52.2)	0.045	0.831
Anti-SSA positive	10 (62.5)	116 (65.2)	0.004	0.953
Anti-SSB positive	2 (12.5)	32 (18.0)	0.296	0.587
Anti-ribosomal P protein positive	9 (56.3)	72 (40.4)	1.397	0.237
Anticardiolipin positive	1 (6.3)	30 (16.9)	1.042	0.307
Anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 positive	2 (12.5)	24 (13.5)	0.035	0.852
Lupus anticoagulant positive	1 (6.3)	37 (20.8)	1.616	0.204
	16 (100)	122 (68.5)	6.076	0.014
Elevated ESR	12 (75.0)	126 (70.8)	0.097	0.755
Elevated CRP	10 (93.8)	109 (61.2)	0.029	0.866
Increased CSF pressure	5 (31.3)	68 (38.2)	0.228	0.633
Increased CSF protein	5 (31.3)	73 (41.0)	0.358	0.550
Steroid pulse	13 (81.3)	133 (74.7)	0.363	0.547

NPSLE: neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus; dsDNA: double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; RNP: ribonucleoprotein; Sm: Smith; SSA: Sjogren’s syndrome antigen A; SSB: Sjogren’s syndrome antigen B; SLEDAI: systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid. Significant values are shown in bold typeface.