Long-Term Immunological and Virological Outcomes in Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Southern Ethiopia
Table 2
Immunological, virological, and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected children at baseline and 48 months ().
Variable
Baseline value
At 48 months
Mean age in years (SD)
7.6 (3.1) years
years
Median WAZ score (IQR)
-1.3 (-2.4 to -0.07)
-1.2 (−2.7 to −1.5)
Median HAZ score (IQR)
-0.2 (-0.5 to -0.6)
-1.6 (−2.6 to −1.3)
Median WHZ score (IQR)
-1.2 (−1.9 to −0.5)
-1.1 (-2.2 to -0.1)
Median CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) (IQR)
298 (39–453)
512 (209-1053)
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)
≤200
124 (45.4)
15 (5.5)
201-500
132 (48.4)
52 (19.0)
>500
17 (6.2)
206 (75.5)
Mean (SD), Hb (mg/dl)
10 (1.6)
13.1 (1.75)
Anemia
Yes
111 (40.7)
31 (11.4)
No
162 (59.3)
242 (88.6)
Median CD4+ T lymphocyte (IQR)
16.5 (12.3-20.8)
21.5 (15.3-30.8)
CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage
>25%
81 (29.7)
173 (63.3)
15-25%
69 (25.2)
43 (15.8)
<15%
123 (45.1)
57 (20.9)
WHO clinical stage
Stage 1
62 (22.7)
158 (57.9)
Stage 2
94 (34.4)
102 (37.4)
Stage 3
90 (32.96)
8 (2.9)
Stage 4
27 (9.89)
5 (1.8)
Viral load (copies/ml)
<1000
39 (14.3)
166 (60.8)
5000-10,000
73 (26.7)
60 (21.9)
10,000-100,000
69 (25.3)
29 (10.6)
>100,000
92 (33.7)
18 (6.6)
Adherence
Good
—
226 (82.9)
Fair
—
29 (10.6)
Poor
—
18 (6.5)
Viral load
Undetectable
36 (13.2)
184 (68.4)
Detectable
273 (86.8)
89 (32.6)
Viral suppression
Suppressed
—
196 (71.8)
Not suppressed
—
77 (28.2)
HAART regimen
AZT, 3TC, EFV
37 (13.6)
AZT 3TC, NVP
124 (45.4)
D4T, 3TC, EFV
15 (5.5)
D4T, 3TC, NVP
55 (20.1)
TDF, 3TC, EFV/NVP
26 (9.5)
AZT, D4T, 3TC, PI
3 (1.1)
ABC, 3TC,NVP/EFV/PI
13 (4.8)
ABC: abacavir; AZT: zidovudine; CD: cluster of differentiation; EFV: efavirenz; 3TC: lamivudine; NVP: nevirapine; TDF: tenofovir; PI: protease inhibitor; HAART: highly active antiretroviral treatment; IQR: interquartile range; Hb: hemoglobin; SD: standard deviation; WAZ: weight for age; HAZ: height for age; WHZ: weight for height.
