Stress Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles by Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes

Figure 5

Immunomodulation of EVs obtained from T. cruzi submitted to different stress conditions. IFN-γ-primed macrophages (BMDM) were incubated (24 h, 37°C) with T. cruzi EVs. LPS from E. coli was used as positive control. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of immune response genes: Arg 1 (a), iNOS (b), IL-23 p19 (c), IL-12 p35 (d), IL-12 p40 (e), YM-2 (f), and IL-10 (g) (, ).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)