Journal of Immunology Research

Review Article

The Immunomodulation Potential of Exosomes in Tumor Microenvironment

Contents of cancer exosomes.


Content	Molecular types	Function

RNA	MicroRNA (miRNA)	Inducing metastasis, invasion, and transformation and formation of tumors in noncancerous cells; serving as biomarkers in cancers
	Long noncoding RNA (IncRNA)	Promoting tumorigenesis by facilitating angiogenesis, suppressing immune functions, and inducing metastasis
	Circular RNA (circRNA)	Promoting carcinoma growth and metastasis
DNA	DNA in exosomes (exoDNA)	Being associated with abnormal DNA replication in cancer cells, and reverse transcription of cellular RNA; mediating immune response activation
Protein	Targeting/adhesion proteins	Regulating tumor proliferation, growth, metastasis, migration, angiogenesis, adhesion, immune suppression, and many other biological processes of tumor; having potential immunotherapeutic effects
	Membrane transport and fusion proteins
	Heat shock proteins
	Enzymes
	Receptor proteins
	Cell type-specific markers of the originating cells