Aspergillus fumigatus Influences Gasdermin-D-Dependent Pyroptosis of the Lung via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Differentiation

Figure 1

Aspergillus fumigatus infection caused the pulmonary inflammatory response. (a) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-2R are elevated in the serum of patients infected with A. fumigatus (). (b) C57BL/6 mice were administered intratracheally at a concentration of 50 μl of viable spores and monitored for 3 days (/group). Grocott’s methenamine silver (GMS) and lung colony-forming units (CFUs) (/group). (c) H&E staining of the lung tissues of A. fumigatus-infected mice at 100x and 400x magnification, compared with the noninfected control, alveolar hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration were more after A. fumigatus challenge. (d) TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, and VEGF expression levels in lung tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. A. fumigatus upregulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in lung tissues, including TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, and VEGF (/group). Experiments were done at least three times. ns: not significant; , , , and by Student’s unpaired two-tailed test. Error bars represent SEM.

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