|
| Pathway ID | Definition | Enrichment score | Annotation |
| Water vs. NC | INH vs. Water | NBXH-H vs. Water |
|
| mmu04668 | TNF signaling pathway | +2.98463 | -1.351648 | +6.997055 | Activated TNF binds to its receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2) resulting in the trimerization of TNFR1 or TNFR2. TNFR1 signaling induces activation of many genes, primarily controlled by two distinct pathways, NF-kappa B pathway and the MAPK cascade, or apoptosis and necroptosis. TNFR2 signaling activates NF-kappa B pathway including PI3K-dependent NF-kappa B pathway and JNK pathway leading to survival. |
| mmu04810 | Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | -3.945801 | -2.522185 | +3.033837 | Cytoskeleton proteins and their regulation proteins could be influenced seriously in M. tuberculosis infection host cells leading to the apoptosis of host cells. |
| mmu04014 | Ras signaling pathway | -4.797349 | +1.453685 | +2.828953 | The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation, or cytoskeletal dynamism. |
| mmu04510 | Focal adhesion | -7.79861 | NS | +2.658141 | Focal adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes. The expression of focal adhesion decreased, which led to a significant decrease in the regulation of extracellular matrix adhesion. |
| mmu04151 | PI3K-Akt signaling pathway | -5.440354 | -1.55789 | +2.464812 | PI3K catalyzes the production of PIP3 at the cell membrane to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, which will help the host to clear M. tuberculosis. |
| mmu04020 | Calcium signaling pathway | -1.670006 | +2.49438 | +1.526486 | M. tuberculosis infection leads to increased intracellular calcium influx or release of calcium ions from intracellular calcium pools to activate intracellular calcium signaling pathways, which will activate the expression of genes encoding intracellular anti-inflammatory-related protein and an immune protective related protein, enhance the killing and phagocytic capacity of immune cells such as macrophages, and ultimately clear M. tuberculosis in vivo. |
| mmu04010 | MAPK signaling pathway | -2.125314 | NS | +1.443387 | The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Activation of the MAPK signaling pathway promotes apoptosis, which facilitates host clearance of M. tuberculosis in infected cells. |
| mmu04350 | TGF-beta signaling pathway | -1.700798 | NS | +1.326878 | The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species ranging from worms and insects to mammals. A wide spectrum of cellular functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration are regulated by TGF-beta family members. |
| mmu04064 | NF-kappa B signaling pathway | +1.875102 | -1.565857 | -1.38673 | NF- kappa B signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of TB infection by participating in stress response and the regulation of transcription of genes related to immune cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. M. tuberculosis infection causes abnormal activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. |
| mmu04620 | Toll-like receptor signaling pathway | +2.628034 | -2.302575 | -1.423933 | M. tuberculosis is sensed by several pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptor 2. TLR2 plays a prominent role in the induction of host immune responses during mycobacterial infection. |
| mmu04672 | Intestinal immune network for IgA production | +2.266181 | +1.371708 | -2.595042 | Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for the neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes. NBXH extract immunotherapy can significantly reduce the overexpression of IgA induced by M. tuberculosis infection. |
| mmu04660 | T cell receptor signaling pathway | +4.012943 | NS | -4.361177 | Activation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. T cell receptor (TCR) plays a key role in the function of T cells and the formation of immune synapses. It provides a connection between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. TB infection activates T cell, and NBXH treatment could regulate T cell activation negatively to keep it from overreacting. |
|
