CAR T-Cell Production Using Nonviral Approaches

Table 1

Key differences between the available individual types of vectors used for the preparation of CAR T-cells.

Transduction method	Viral vectors	Transposon vectors
Specifications	LV/RV vectors	Sleeping beauty	PiggyBac
Efficiency	Very high	Low-medium	Medium
Manufacture cost	High	Moderate	Moderate
Integration profile	Biased	No documented bias	Biased
Vector capacity	+/-10 kb	5 kb to tens of kb	Hundreds of kb
Stability	Stable	Stable	Stable
Manufacture support	Fully closed culture systems	Semiclosed culture systems	Semiclosed culture systems

The efficiency (and cargo capacity) of different transposon systems is variable between different mutation variants. Generally, PB systems outperform SB systems [32], with the exception of chosen hyperactive mutant variants [58]. SB vectors have the lowest inclination to integrate near proto-oncogenes, and PB vectors demonstrated observable bias [32, 43], similar to viral vectors [37]. Viral-mediated transduction is considered to be less safe due to higher affinity for integration near active transcription sites [59–61].