Current and Future Perspectives of PD-1/PDL-1 Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy

Figure 2

The regulatory effects of PD-1 inhibition on downstream signaling pathways. TCR: T cell receptor; PD-1: programmed cell death protein-1; ZAP70: zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70; AP1: activator protein 1; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cells; PLCγ: phosphoinositide phospholipase C-γ; LCK: lymphocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase; mAbs: monoclonal antibodies; CTL: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte.