Role and Function of Regulatory T Cell in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis

Figure 1

Cytokines and surface biomarkers of Treg and its interactions with APC. TCR binds to MHC-II/Ag and activates Treg differentiation, and LAG-3 negatively regulates it; CTLA-4, produced through activation of transcription factor IRF-4, binds to CD80/86 to suppress Th2 inflammation; PD-1 binds to PD-L1/PD-L2 to inhibit Teff cells and meanwhile enhance the transcriptional activation of Smad3 by TGF-β; TIGIT regulates the production of IL-10 and IL-12 by binding to CD155; CD25, receptor of IL-2, enables Treg to compete with Teff for IL-2 to proliferation.