The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Superfamily Cytokines and Their Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

Figure 1

A schematic figure of low molecular weight of interleukins bound to their specific receptors located upon the cell membrane which induce different signaling pathways (https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-449147) [69, 70]. Janus kinase 1 (JAK1); Tumor necrosis factor (TNF); Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); Phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT); TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6); Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14); c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs); Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs); Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks); Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP); Suppressor of cytokine signals (SOCS); Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 11(PTPN11); Cytosolic adaptor molecule ACT1 (also known as CIKS); Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2); IL1R-associated kinase (IRAK); SHC Adaptor Protein 1(SHC1); Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2); IkappaB kinase (IKK); Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88).