Review Article
Meta-Analysis of Alterations in Regulatory T Cells’ Frequency and Suppressive Capacity in Patients with Vitiligo
| Study | Year | Vitiligo patients/controls | Skin/blood | Treg characterization | Tregs’ frequency | Tregs’ suppressive capacity | FOXP3 levels | IL-10 levels | TGF-β levels | Disease activity-based analysis |
| Abdallah et al. [33] | 2009 | 20/20 | Blood | CD4+CD25high FoxP3+ | Increased | NA | Increased | NA | NA | No | Ala et al.[30] | 2015 | 130/150 | Blood | NA | NA | NA | NA | Decreased | NA | No | Bhardwaj et al.[24] | 2020 | 30/30 | Skin | NA | NA | NA | Decreased | NA | Increased | No | Dwivedi et al.[8] | 2013 | 82/50 | Blood | CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ | Decreased | NA | Decreased | NA | NA | No | Eby et al.[50] | 2015 | 7/6 | Skin | CD3+FOXP3+ | Increased after treatment | NA | NA | NA | NA | No | Abou Elela et al.[25] | 2013 | 84/80 | Blood | CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ | NA | NA | Decreased | NA | NA | Yes (VIDA) | El-Komy et al.[28] | 2012 | 20/10 | Skin | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Decreased | Yes (VIDA) | Ghanem et al.[36] | 2017 | 38/40 | Serum/skin | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | No difference | No | Giri et al.[5] | 2020 | 55/45 | Blood | CD3+CD25+ T cells | NA | NA | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | Yes | Giri et al.[22] | 2020 | 48/45 | Blood | CD3+CD25+ T cells | NA | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | Yes | Giri et al.[9] | 2021 | 96/90 | Blood | CD3+CD25+ T cells | NA | NA | Decreased | NA | NA | Yes | Hegab et al.[17] | 2015 | 80/60 | Blood | CD4+CD25+ | Decreased | NA | Decreased | NA | NA | Yes (VIDA) | Hegazy et al.[26] | 2014 | 20/20 | Skin | NA | NA | NA | Decreased | NA | NA | Yes (VIDA) | Huo et al.[19] | 2021 | 15/15 | Blood | CD4+CD25+CD127- | Decreased | NA | Decreased | NA | NA | No | Kalaiselvi et al.[34] | 2019 | 80/80 | Blood | CD4+FOXP3+ | No difference | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yes (VIDA) | Kidir et al.[29] | 2017 | 30/30 | Skin | NA | NA | NA | NA | Decreased | Decreased | No | Klarquist et al.[14] | 2010 | 07/05 | Skin | CD4+CD25+CD127-FOXP3+ | Decreased | No difference | Increased | NA | NA | No | Lili et al.[18] | 2012 | 50/20 | Blood | CD4+CD25+CD127- | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | NA | NA | No | Lv et al.[49] | 2019 | 1/1 | Blood/skin | CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ | Increased after treatment | NA | Increased after treatment | Increased after treatment | Increased after treatment | No | Miao et al.[51] | 2018 | 8/9 | Skin | FOXP3+CD3+ | Increased after treatment | NA | NA | NA | NA | No | Mukhatayev et al.[47] | 2020 | 11/12 | Skin | CD4+ FOXP3+ | Increased after treatment | NA | NA | Increased after treatment | NA | No | Osman et al.[31] | 2015 | 42/43 | Blood | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Decreased | No | Sohafy et al.[48] | 2021 | 40/40 | Blood | CD4+ CD25+FOXP3+ | Increased after treatment | NA | NA | NA | NA | No | Taher et al.[52] | 2009 | 20/20 | Skin | NA | NA | NA | NA | Increased after treatment | NA | No | Tembhre et al.[20] | 2015 | 50/51 | Skin | NA | Decreased | NA | Decreased | NA | Decreased | No | Tu et al.[32] | 2017 | 46/25 | Serum | CD4+ CD25+ | NA | No difference | NA | NA | Decreased | No | Zhang et al.[21] | 2018 | 51/51 | Blood | CD4+CD25high | Decreased | Decreased | NA | Decreased | Decreased | No | Zhang et al.[53] | 2021 | 3/3 | Blood/skin | FOXP3+ CD4+ | NA | NA | NA | Increased after treatment | NA | No | Zhou et al.[35] | 2012 | 43/43 | Blood | CD4+ CD25+ FOX3+ | No difference | NA | NA | NA | NA | No | Zhou et al.[37] | 2015 | 45/45 | Serum | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Increased | No |
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Abbreviations: NA: not applicable; VIDA: vitiligo disease activity score; Treg: regulatory T cells; IL-10: interleukin 10; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta.
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