Journal of Immunology Research

Review Article

Meta-Analysis of Alterations in Regulatory T Cells’ Frequency and Suppressive Capacity in Patients with Vitiligo

Table 1

Study characteristics.


Study	Year	Vitiligo patients/controls	Skin/blood	Treg characterization	Tregs’ frequency	Tregs’ suppressive capacity	FOXP3 levels	IL-10 levels	TGF-β levels	Disease activity-based analysis

Abdallah et al. [33]	2009	20/20	Blood	CD4⁺CD25high FoxP3⁺	Increased	NA	Increased	NA	NA	No
Ala et al.[30]	2015	130/150	Blood	NA	NA	NA	NA	Decreased	NA	No
Bhardwaj et al.[24]	2020	30/30	Skin	NA	NA	NA	Decreased	NA	Increased	No
Dwivedi et al.[8]	2013	82/50	Blood	CD4⁺CD25hiFOXP3⁺	Decreased	NA	Decreased	NA	NA	No
Eby et al.[50]	2015	7/6	Skin	CD3⁺FOXP3⁺	Increased after treatment	NA	NA	NA	NA	No
Abou Elela et al.[25]	2013	84/80	Blood	CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FOXP3⁺	NA	NA	Decreased	NA	NA	Yes (VIDA)
El-Komy et al.[28]	2012	20/10	Skin	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	Decreased	Yes (VIDA)
Ghanem et al.[36]	2017	38/40	Serum/skin	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	No difference	No
Giri et al.[5]	2020	55/45	Blood	CD3⁺CD25⁺ T cells	NA	NA	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Yes
Giri et al.[22]	2020	48/45	Blood	CD3⁺CD25⁺ T cells	NA	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Yes
Giri et al.[9]	2021	96/90	Blood	CD3⁺CD25⁺ T cells	NA	NA	Decreased	NA	NA	Yes
Hegab et al.[17]	2015	80/60	Blood	CD4⁺CD25⁺	Decreased	NA	Decreased	NA	NA	Yes (VIDA)
Hegazy et al.[26]	2014	20/20	Skin	NA	NA	NA	Decreased	NA	NA	Yes (VIDA)
Huo et al.[19]	2021	15/15	Blood	CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^-	Decreased	NA	Decreased	NA	NA	No
Kalaiselvi et al.[34]	2019	80/80	Blood	CD4⁺FOXP3⁺	No difference	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes (VIDA)
Kidir et al.[29]	2017	30/30	Skin	NA	NA	NA	NA	Decreased	Decreased	No
Klarquist et al.[14]	2010	07/05	Skin	CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^-FOXP3⁺	Decreased	No difference	Increased	NA	NA	No
Lili et al.[18]	2012	50/20	Blood	CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^-	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	NA	NA	No
Lv et al.[49]	2019	1/1	Blood/skin	CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FOXP3⁺	Increased after treatment	NA	Increased after treatment	Increased after treatment	Increased after treatment	No
Miao et al.[51]	2018	8/9	Skin	FOXP3⁺CD3⁺	Increased after treatment	NA	NA	NA	NA	No
Mukhatayev et al.[47]	2020	11/12	Skin	CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺	Increased after treatment	NA	NA	Increased after treatment	NA	No
Osman et al.[31]	2015	42/43	Blood	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	Decreased	No
Sohafy et al.[48]	2021	40/40	Blood	CD4⁺ CD25⁺FOXP3⁺	Increased after treatment	NA	NA	NA	NA	No
Taher et al.[52]	2009	20/20	Skin	NA	NA	NA	NA	Increased after treatment	NA	No
Tembhre et al.[20]	2015	50/51	Skin	NA	Decreased	NA	Decreased	NA	Decreased	No
Tu et al.[32]	2017	46/25	Serum	CD4⁺ CD25⁺	NA	No difference	NA	NA	Decreased	No
Zhang et al.[21]	2018	51/51	Blood	CD4⁺CD25^high	Decreased	Decreased	NA	Decreased	Decreased	No
Zhang et al.[53]	2021	3/3	Blood/skin	FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺	NA	NA	NA	Increased after treatment	NA	No
Zhou et al.[35]	2012	43/43	Blood	CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FOX3⁺	No difference	NA	NA	NA	NA	No
Zhou et al.[37]	2015	45/45	Serum	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	Increased	No

Abbreviations: NA: not applicable; VIDA: vitiligo disease activity score; Treg: regulatory T cells; IL-10: interleukin 10; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta.