Myostatin Levels and the Risk of Myopenia and Rheumatoid Cachexia in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 5

Associated factors with low muscle mass in RA.

	Univariate; Intro method			Multivariate; Stepwise method
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	value
Age	1.01	0.97-1.05	0.59	—	—	—
BMI	0.62	0.52-0.73	<0.001	0.61	0.52-0.72	<0.001
DAS28-ESR	1.86	1.20-2.89	0.006	2.10	1.38-3.21	0.001
Disease duration	1.02	0.97-1.08	0.35	—	—	—
Deteriorated functional class	2.19	0.79-6.06	0.13	—	—	—
High myostatin (≥17 ng/mL)	3.04	1.14-8.10	0.03	3.04	1.17-7.89	0.02

Multivariable logistic regression analysis. Dependent variable presence of low muscle mass in RA patients. OR: odds ratios; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals. Crude ORs were obtained using the Enter method. Adjusted ORs were obtained using the Forward stepwise method. BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); DAS28-ESR: Disease Activity Score (28 joints). Deteriorated functional class (II-IV).