Crosstalk between the Intestinal Virome and Other Components of the Microbiota, and Its Effect on Intestinal Mucosal Response and Diseases

Figure 4

An illustration of retro-transcription of HERV (human endogenous retroviruses) or endogenous retroelements following stimuli released from commensal bacteria (a). Retro-transcription of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) lead to the formation of cDNA and dsRNA that is released into the cytoplasm. The presence of cytosolic cDNA and dsRNA initiates a protective antiviral immune response via the activation of cGAS/STING and RIG-1/MAV pathways (b).