M2-Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Promote Meningioma Progression through TGF-β Signaling Pathway

Figure 4

The TGF-β pathway is activated in M2-MDE-treated meningioma cells. (a) Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes in IOMM-Lee cells cocultured with M2-MDEs relative to M0-MDEs. (b) GO enrichment analysis was used to reveal the functional characteristics of IOMM-Lee after coculture with MDEs according to the MSigDB database. (c) KEGG pathway analysis of IOMM-Lee after coculture with MDEs based on differentially expressed genes0. (d) qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1 in meningioma cells. (e) Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, and p-Smad3 in meningioma cells. (f) Western blotting for the expressions of Smad2 and Smad3 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of meningioma, respectively. β-Tubulin and lamin B1 serve as house-keeping genes for cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, respectively. , , , vs. the control and M0-MDE group.

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