Risk of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Acquisition in Patients with Declared β-Lactam Allergy during Hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2007-2018)

Table 1

Characteristics of the population.

Characteristics			Overall	β-lactam allergy	No β-lactam allergy	value
			()	()	()
Biological	Age (years) (mean (SD))		66 (16.4)	64 (15.0)	66 (16.0)	0.15
	Gender ( (%))
		Male	2007 (60.2)	49 (37.1)	1958 (61.2)	<0.01
		Female	1325 (39.8)	83 (62.9)	1242 (38.8)
Clinical	SAPS-II (mean (SD))		46.0 (20.0)	44.0 (19.1)	46.0 (20.4)	0.21
	Shock ( (%))
		No	1699 (51.0)	69 (52.3)	1630 (50.9)	0.76
		Yes	1633 (49.0)	63 (47.7)	1570 (49.1)
	Mechanical ventilation ( (%))
		No	1902 (57.1)	79 (59.8)	1823 (57.0)	0.51
		Yes	1430 (42.9)	53 (40.2)	1377 (43.0)
	Central venous catheter ( (%))
		No	1405 (42.2)	58 (43.9)	1347 (42.1)	0.67
		Yes	1927 (57.8)	74 (56.1)	1853 (57.9)
Microbiological	MDR strains at admission ( (%))
		Not available	183 (5.5)	3 (2.3)	180 (5.6)	0.04
		No	2762 (82.9)	105 (79.5)	2657 (83.0)
		One MDR species	361 (10.8)	23 (17.4)	338 (10.6)
		Two or more MDR species	26 (0.8)	1 (0.8)	25 (0.8)
	MRSA at admission ( (%))
		Not available	183 (5.5)	3 (2.3)	180 (5.6)	0.21
		No	3034 (91.0)	123 (93.2)	2911 (91.0)
		Yes	115 (3.5)	6 (4.5)	109 (3.4)
	ESBL strains at admission ( (%))
		Not available	183 (5.5)	3 (2.3)	180 (5.6)	0.01
		No	2862 (85.9)	110 (83.3)	2752 (86.0)
		Yes	287 (8.6)	19 (14.4)	268 (8.4)
	ESBL species at admission ( (%))
		Escherichia coli	196 (68.3)	11 (57.9)	185 (69.0)	0.01
		Klebsiella pneumoniae	45 (15.7)	3 (15.8)	42 (15.7)
		Other single species	26 (9.0)	5 (26.3)	21 (7.8)
		Two or more ESBL species	20 (7.0)	0 (0)	20 (7.5)
	MDR strains at discharge ( (%))
		Not available	187 (5.6)	3 (2.3)	184 (5.8)	0.08
		No	2672 (80.2)	102 (77.3)	2570 (80.3)
		One MDR species	412 (12.4)	24 (18.2)	388 (12.1)
		Two or more MDR species	61 (1.8)	3 (2.3)	58 (1.8)
	MRSA at discharge ( (%))
		Not available	187 (5.6)	3 (2.3)	184 (5.8)	0.18
		No	2996 (89.9)	121 (91.6)	2875 (89.8)
		Yes	149 (4.5)	8 (6.1)	141 (4.4)
	ESBL strains at discharge ( (%))
		Not available	187 (5.6)	3 (2.3)	184 (5.8)	0.04
		No	2772 (83.2)	107 (81.1)	2664 (83.3)
		Yes	373 (11.2)	22 (16.7)	352 (11.0)
	ESBL species at discharge ( (%))
		Escherichia coli	221 (59.2)	12 (54.6)	210 (59.7)	0.62
		Klebsiella pneumoniae	70 (18.8)	3 (13.6)	67 (19.0)
		Other single species	52 (13.9)	5 (22.7)	48 (13.6)
		Two or more ESBL species	29 (7.8)	2 (9.1)	27 (7.7)
	MDR strains acquisition in ICU ( (%))
		Not available	200 (6.1)	3 (2.3)	197 (6.2)
		No	3030 (90.9)	124 (93.9)	2906 (90.8)	0.16
		Yes	101 (3.0)	5 (3.8)	96 (3.0)
Outcomes	MRSA acquisition in ICU ( (%))
		Not available	200 (6.1)	3 (2.3)	197 (6.2)	0.12
		No	3106 (93.1)	127 (96.2)	2979 (93.1)
		Yes	26 (0.8)	2 (1.5)	24 (0.8)
	ESBL strains acquisition in ICU ( (%))
		Not available	200 (6.1)	3 (2.3)	197 (6.2)	0.17
		No	3049 (91.4)	125 (94.7)	2924 (91.4)
		Yes	83 (2.5)	4 (3.0)	79 (2.5)
	Death in ICU ( (%))
		No	2635 (79.1)	99 (75.0)	2536 (79.3)	0.24
		Yes	697 (20.9)	33 (25.0)	664 (20.8)
	Days of hospitalization in ICU (mean (SD))		8.1 (9.8)	8.2 (10.0)	8.1 (9.8)	0.87

ESBL: extended spectrum β-lactamase; ICU: intensive care unit; MDR: multidrug resistant; MRSA: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; SAPS: simplified acute physiology score II; SD: standard deviation.