New Insights into Artesunate as a Pleiotropic Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells
Table 2
Effects of artesunate on adaptive immune cells and potential application.
Cell type
Observed effects
Signal pathways
Potential application
T cells
Inhibition of activation of naïve T cells [33, 34] Inhibition of proliferation [33–37] Promotion of Treg differentiation and production of IL-10 and TGF- [36–42] Reduction of Th1 differentiation and their immune response [40] Reduction of proinflammatory cytokines [40, 43] Promotion of Th17 apoptosis and inhibition of their immune response [41–43] Reduction of Tfh differentiation [44] Inhibition of pathogenic T cell migration [38, 39, 45] Promotion of effector Th cell response [34] Promotion of antitumor effect [46–48] Promotion of T cell function reconstitution [49] Promotion of Tem cells against malaria [50]
Inhibition of BAFF expression and autoantibody generation [51–53] Promotion of TGF- [52] Reduction of IL-6 [52] Reduction of B cells in germinal center [53]
