Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Increases the Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Figure 1

Transcriptomic signatures of bladder cancer in the immune microenvironment before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (a) Heatmap showing the differentially expressed genes in bladder cancer tissue samples. (b) Bar plot showing the differentially expressed genes with significant fold changes. (c) Gene ontology (GO) analysis. (d) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. (e) Hierarchical clustering heatmap showing the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of gene signatures. (f) Bar plot showing immune infiltration genes analyzed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). (g) Hierarchical clustering heatmap for innate anti-PD-1 resistance signature (IPRES). (h) Bar plot showing the score and fold change of T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (GEP). value was calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or described in the panel. Differences were found to be statistically significant at and .

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