Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Increases the Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Figure 2

Identification of differentially expressed immune-related genes related to efficacy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Seven cases of bladder cancer tissues before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were divided into a favorable prognosis group () and a poor prognosis group () according to the final curative effect. (a) Heatmap showing the differentially expressed genes. (b) Bar plot showing the differentially expressed genes with significant fold change. (c) Hierarchical clustering heatmap showing the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of gene signatures. (d) Chord diagram showing the top 5 enriched KEGG terms for 6 differentially expressed genes. (e) The Spearman correlation analysis between therapeutic effect score and monocyte. (f) The Spearman correlation analysis between therapeutic effect score and neutrophil. (g) The Spearman correlation analysis between pathological score and Th1 cell. (h) The pathway interaction network showing the relationship with pathological score and therapeutic effect score by IPRSE analysis. values in the (a) and (b) subfigures were calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, while values in the (e–h) subfigures were calculated by Spearman correlation analysis. Differences were found to be statistically significant at .

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