Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Increases the Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

<div>IHC of differentially expressed immune-related genes before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor tissues from patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were stained for (a) LAG3 and VEGFA and, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were stained for (b) VEGFA and TNFSF14. Magnifications: ×400.</div>

Journal of Immunology Research

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Increases the Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade 

Figure 3 | Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Increases the Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade 