Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer and Increases the Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Figure 4

Identification of differentially expressed immune-related genes related to efficacy after neoadjuvant therapy. Seven cases of bladder cancer tissues after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were divided into the favorable prognosis group () and the poor prognosis group () according to the final curative effect. (a) Heatmap showing the differentially expressed genes with significant fold change. (b) Bar plot showing the differentially expressed genes with significant fold change. (c) Gene ontology (GO) analysis. (d) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. (e) Bar plot showing immune infiltration genes analyzed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). (f) The Spearman correlation analysis between pathological score and activated/immature B cell. (g) The Pearson correlation analysis between therapeutic effect score and neutrophil. values in the (a), (b), and (e) subfigures were calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (two-tailed). The values in the (f) and (g) subfigure were calculated by Spearman correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, respectively. Differences were found to be statistically significant at .

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