Multiple Factors Determine the Oncolytic or Carcinogenic Effects of TLRs Activation in Cancer

Table 1

Ligands of mammalian TLRs.

TLR	Typical ligand	Functional dimer	Reference
TLR1	Bacterial diacylated lipopeptide	TLR1-TLR2	[9]
TLR2	Bacterial lipoprotein/lipopeptide	TLR1-TLR2/TLR2-TLR6	[10]
TLR3	Double-stranded RNA	TLR3-TLR3	[11]
TLR4	Bacterial lipopolysaccharide	TLR4-MD2-TLR4-MD2	[12]
TLR5	Bacterial flagellin	TLR5-TLR5	[13]
TLR6	Bacterial triacylated lipopeptide	TLR2-TLR6	[14]
TLR7	Single-stranded RNA	TLR7-TLR7	[15]
TLR8	Single-stranded RNA	TLR8-TLR8	[15]
TLR9	Unmethylated CpG containing single-stranded DNA	TLR9-TLR9	[16]
TLR10	HIV-1 gp41 protein	TLR1-TLR10/TLR2-TLR10/TLR10-TLR10	[17]
TLR11	Toxoplasma gondii profilin	TLR11-TLR11/TLR11-TLR12	[18]
TLR12	Toxoplasma gondii profilin	TLR12-TLR12/TLR11-TLR12	[19]
TLR13	Bacterial ribosomal single-stranded RNA	TLR13-TLR13	[20]

MD2, myeloid differentiation factor 2.