Systemic inflammation is defined as a multi-syndrome pathological process and is characterized by the increase of total inflammatory reactivity. Systemic inflammation is attributed to both infectious and non-infectious causes and is classically associated with acute and chronic diseases. Moreover, it is associated with a far higher risk of adverse outcomes and potentially with long-term multi-organ damage, including the lungs, liver, and kidneys.

Various types of cells are involved in the pathology of systemic inflammation-induced injury. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines causes damage to parenchymal cells and immune cells via different forms of cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis. In particular, pyroptosis has been defined as a specific programmed cell death characterized by the release of inflammatory cytokines. Appropriate pyroptosis can minimize tissue damage, but severe pyroptosis can aggravate secondary injury of the tissue. However, the mechanisms underlying multicellular and tissue damage from systemic inflammation remain largely unknown, and no drug therapies have yet shown clear benefit in patients with severe sepsis and multiple organ failure/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

The aim of this Special Issue is to encourage submissions, including original research, clinical studies, and review articles, that contribute innovative knowledge to further our understanding of the signaling and mechanisms of systemic inflammation-induced cell, tissue, and organ injury in multiple diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Animal, cellular, and molecular models of systemic inflammation-induced multiple organ failure/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
• Inflammatory mediator-induced cell death in sepsis, trauma, pancreatitis, mesenteric infarction, and chemical-induced acute lung/kidney/liver injury and multiple organ failure
• Inflammatory mediator-induced cell death in the context of chronic inflammation-induced organ injury, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic liver disease
• Discovery of novel biomarkers and mechanisms in animal models or patients with acute/chronic inflammation-induced injury
• Identification and pharmacological studies of bioactive molecules that target systemic inflammation induced-damage
• Signaling and mechanisms of inflammation and tissue damage caused by dysbacteriosis
• Treatment of dysbacteriosis-induced tissue damage using probiotics and prebiotics via monitoring bacterial changes using metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics
• Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory mediator-induced vascular endothelial activation and dysfunction in organ injury
• Compounds that act on endothelial activation and dysfunction to alleviate systemic inflammation and organ injury
• Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis signaling in parenchymal cells induced by systemic inflammation
• Signaling and mechanisms of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis in macrophages, neutrophils. and other immune cells
• Inhibition of systemic inflammation-induced cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis by novel small molecular compounds