The oral cavity is the second largest microbial niche in the human body, after the gastrointestinal tract, with over 700 bacterial species. The interplay between the commensal oral microbiota and the host immune system includes interactions in homeostasis and disease, and the oral microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host’s innate and adaptive immune system.

Oral microbiota can influence human health, from host metabolism to immune responses. Altered oral microbiota have been observed in several diseases, not only in oral diseases, such as caries, periodontitis, or periimplantitis, but in systemic conditions such as diabetes, cancer, autoimmune disease, and preterm birth. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the complexity of oral microbial and how it influences disease and health conditions.

The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the role of oral microbiota in aspects such as risk of developing systemic diseases, strategies to control oral diseases, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response/resistance, and mechanisms of disease. We invite researchers to submit high quality manuscripts reporting original research results and review articles related to scientific advances in the area of oral microbiota and immunology. Both clinical and basic science studies will be considered. This issue will provide our readers with a better understanding of the importance of oral microbiota not only in oral diseases but also in systemic diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Oral microbiota and cancer risk
• Oral microbiota and autoimmune diseases
• Disbyosis of oral microbiota and systemic inflammation
• Disturbances in oral microbiota and oral diseases
• Probiotics and prebiotics to control oral diseases