Research Article
Association of Baseline Smoking Status with Long-Term Prognosis in Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Large Single-Center Data
Table 1
The baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics and medication situation.
| | Variables | All
(n = 10724) | Current smokers
(n = 6123) | Nonsmokers
(n = 4601) | P value |
| | Demographic characteristics | | | | | | Male gender, % | 8272 (77.1) | 5880 (96.0) | 2392 (52.0) | < 0.001 | | Age, years | 58.4 ± 10.3 | 56.6 ± 10.0 | 60.8 ± 10.2 | < 0.001 | | BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 ± 3.2 | 26.1 ± 3.2 | 25.8 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 | | Coexisting conditions, | | | | | | Hypertension | 6906 (64.4) | 3789 (61.9) | 3117 (67.7) | < 0.001 | | DM | 3238 (30.2) | 1786 (29.2) | 1452 (31.6) | 0.008 | | Hyperlipidemia | 7211 (67.2) | 4138 (67.6) | 3073 (66.8) | 0.387 | | Previous MI | 2061 (19.2) | 1355 (22.1) | 706 (15.3) | < 0.001 | | Prior PCI or CABG | 2808 (26.2) | 1719 (28.1) | 1089 (23.7) | < 0.001 | | Family history of CAD | 2651 (24.7) | 1614 (26.4) | 1037 (22.5) | < 0.001 | | CVD | 1150 (10.7) | 643 (10.5) | 507 (11.0) | 0.391 | | PVD | 288 (2.7) | 177 (2.9) | 111 (2.4) | 0.129 | | COPD | 247 (2.3) | 143 (2.3) | 104 (2.3) | 0.799 | | LVEF (%) | 62.8 ± 7.4 | 62.3 ± 7.4 | 63.3 ± 7.1 | < 0.001 | | Clinical presentation, | | | | | | Asymptomatic ischemia | 869 (8.1) | 523 (8.5) | 346 (7.5) | < 0.001 | | Stable angina | 3424 (31.9) | 1842 (30.1) | 1582 (34.4) | < 0.001 | | Unstable angina pectoris | 4509 (42.0) | 2479 (40.5) | 2030 (44.1) | < 0.001 | | AMI | 1922 (17.9) | 1279 (20.9) | 643 (14.0) | < 0.001 | | STEMI | 1447 (13.5) | 989 (16.2) | 458 (10.0) | < 0.001 | | NSTEMI | 475 (4.4) | 290 (4.7) | 185 (4.0) | 0.075 | | Laboratory examination | | | | | | eGFR before PCI, mL/min/1.73m2 | 91.3 ± 15.1 | 93.0 ± 14.7 | 89.0 ± 15.4 | < 0.001 | | HGB before PCI, g/L | 141.0 ± 15.8 | 144.8 ± 14.4 | 136.1 ± 16.2 | < 0.001 | | PLT before PCI, 109/L | 203.6 ± 54.4 | 201.4 ± 53.6 | 206.4 ± 55.4 | < 0.001 | | Urine acid, μmol/L | 341.6 ± 84.7 | 353.2 ± 82.1 | 326.2 ± 85.7 | < 0.001 | | HbA1c, % | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 0.029 | | LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.50 ± 0.90 | 2.48 ± 0.88 | 2.54 ± 0.93 | < 0.001 | | ESR, mm/h | 10.8 ± 11.3 | 9.3 ± 10.2 | 12.9 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 | | Angiographic and procedural characteristics | | | | | | SNYTAX score | 11.7 ± 8.1 | 11.5 ± 8.1 | 11.9 ± 8.1 | 0.019 | | Residual SNYTAX | 3.4 ± 5.7 | 3.4 ± 5.6 | 3.5 ± 5.8 | 0.334 | | LM or TVD, % | 457 (4.3) | 267 (4.4) | 190 (4.1) | 0.558 | | LAD involved, % | 9702 (90.5%) | 5480 (89.5) | 4222 (91.8) | < 0.001 | | No. of target lesions | 1.40 ± 0.66 | 1.41 ± 0.67 | 1.39 ± 0.65 | 0.098 | | No. of stents per patient | 1.80 ± 1.11 | 1.82 ± 1.13 | 1.79 ± 1.08 | 0.197 | | Time of procedure, min | 36.7 ± 31.5 | 37.4 ± 33.6 | 35.6 ± 28.5 | 0.002 | | Procedure and stent type, | | | | 0.019 | | PTCA | 237 (2.2) | 121 (2.0) | 116 (2.5) | | | BMS | 64 (0.6) | 30 (0.5) | 34 (0.7) | | | First-generation durable polymer DES | 597 (5.6) | 363 (5.9) | 234 (5.1) | | | Second-generation durable polymer DES | 6094 (56.8) | 3428 (56.0) | 2666 (57.9) | | | Domestic biodegradable polymer DES | 1572 (14.7) | 925 (15.1) | 647 (14.1) | | | Mixed implantation of DES | 1692 (15.8) | 976 (15.9) | 716 (15.6) | | | Others (Janus, Yinyi) | 167 (1.6) | 93 (1.5) | 74 (1.6) | | | Procedure unsuccess | 301 (2.8) | 187 (3.1) | 114 (2.5) | | | Medication at discharge, | | | | | | Aspirin | 10585 (98.7) | 6047 (98.8) | 4538 (98.6) | 0.562 | | Clopidogrel | 10701 (99.8) | 6114 (99.9) | 4587 (99.7) | 0.081 | | Ticagrelor | 19 (0.2) | 9 (0.1) | 10 (0.2) | 0.391 | | DAPT | 10583 (98.7) | 6047 (98.8) | 4536 (98.6) | 0.440 | | Statin | 10285 (95.9) | 5878 (96.0) | 4407 (95.8) | 0.578 | | Calcium antagonist | 5216 (48.6) | 2842 (46.4) | 2374 (51.6) | < 0.001 | | β-blocker | 9673 (90.2) | 5487 (89.6) | 4186 (91.0) | 0.018 |
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AMI: acute myocardial infarction; BMI: body mass index; BMS: bare metal stent; CAD: coronary artery disease; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD: cerebral vascular disease; DES: drug-eluting stent; DM: diabetes mellitus; DAPT: dual antiplatelet therapy; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HGB: hemoglobin; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LM: left main; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; PLT: platelet; PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; STEMI: ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction; SYNTAX: Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery; TC: total cholesterol; TVD: three-vessel disease.
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, or counts (percentage).
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