Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Children with and without Fluoroscopy: A Comparison
Figure 2
Illustration of interventional ASD device closure with a GORE Cardioform Septal Occluder using exclusively transesophageal echocardiography guidance. Standardized “step-by-step” procedural imaging guidance. ((a)+(b)) Imaging of the native defect, screening the defect and its rims from 0°-120°, focusing on standardized views in approximately 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°. (c) Guidance of catheter passage across the defect into the left upper pulmonary vein (LuPV). (d) “Stretched” ASD diameter after stiff guide wire placement through the catheter into LuPV. (e) Illustration of large sheath insertion into LuPV. (f) Guidance of device deployment into the defect. ((g)+(h)) Illustration of device position after implantation in different views, again screening the defect and device from 0°-120°, focusing on standardized views in approximately 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°.