Review Article

Feasibility of Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with a History of Intracranial Bleeding: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of all studies

Author/yearStudy typeNo. of ptsMale, no. (%)Female, no. (%)Age, mean ± SDCHA2DS2-VASc score, mean ± SD; median ± IQRHAS-bled score, mean ± SD; median ± IQRType of intracranial hemorrhageDuration between device implant and intracranial hemorrhage

Ajmal/2020Retrospective observation169 (56.2%)7 (43.8%)74.6 ± 5.8Median 4.5; IQR 3Median 4; IQR 17 IPH
7 SDH
2 SAH
More than 2 months
Fayos-Vidal/2020Retrospective observation97 (77.7%)2 (22.3%)72.7 ± 8.2Median 4; IQR 2.5Median 3; IQR 08 IPH
1 SDH
Less than 1 months in 5
More than 1 months in 4
Pouru/2020Prospective registry10473 (70.1%)31 (29.9%)73 ± 7Mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 1.4Mean ± SD: 3.3 ± 0.969 IPH
21 SDH
11 SAH
2 not reported
Median: 7 Months
Hucker/2019Retrospective observation6337 (58.7%)26 (41.3%)75.3 ± 6.0Mean ± SD: 4.9 ± 1.7Mean ± SD: 3.5 ± 1.136 IPH
18 SDH
6 SAH
3 uncertain
Median: 212 days; IQR: 78–548 days
Hutt/2019Prospective registry3819 (50%)19 (50%)73 ± 7Mean ± SD: 5.0 ± 1.3Mean ± SD: 4.2 ± 1.023 IPH
9 SDH
6 SAH
Median 637 days, minimum 60 days
Nielsen-Kudsk/2017Retrospective observation15199 (65.6%)52 (34.4%)71.9 ± 8.7Mean ± SD: 3.9 ± 1.5Mean ± SD: 4.2 ± 0.8Not reportedMedian: 203 days; IQR: 99–982
Tzikas/2017Prospective registry198138 (70%)60 (30%)73.7 ± 7.9Mean ± SD: 4.5 ± 1.5Mean ± SD: 3.5 ± 1.1Not reportedNot reported
Renou/2017Prospective observation4629 (63%)17 (37%)73.7 ± 8.4Mean ± SD: 5.23 ± 1.12Mean ± SD: 4.00 ± .9543 IPH
3 others
Mean ± SD: 7 ± 4 mo
Martínez-Domeño/2017Retrospective observation97 (77.7%)2 (22.3)72.7 ± 8.2Median 4Median 3Not reported4 with 1 month rest not reported
Cru-Gonzal/2017Retrospective observation4725 (53.1%)22 (46.9%)80 ± 6Mean ± SD: 5 ± 1Mean ± SD: 4±134 IPH
10 SDH
2 SAH
1 microhemorrhages
Less than 3 months 11
More than 3 months 36
Fahmy/2016Retrospective observation2616 (61.5%)10 (38.5%)76 ± 7.0Mean ± SD: 4.9 ± 1.7Mean ± SD: 4.4 ± 0.624 IPH
2 ocular hemorrhage
Mean ± SD: 30 ± 48 mo
Horstman/2014Prospective observation2014 (70%)6 (30%)72.6 ± 5.8Mean: 4.5 ± 1.4Mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 1.015 IPH
4 SDH
1 SAH
Mean ± SD: 23.1 ± 28.6 mo

IPH, intraparenchymal hemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SDH, subdural hematoma.