Mechanical and Pharmacological Revascularization Strategies for Prevention of Microvascular Dysfunction in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Analysis from Index of Microcirculatory Resistance Registry Data
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the study population.
Parameter
Total (N = 160)
High IMR (N = 54)
Low IMR (N = 106)
value
Clinical characteristics
Age (years)
56 ± 11
60 ± 11
54 ± 11
0.001
Male, n (%)
141 (88.1%)
45 (83.3%)
96 (90.6%)
0.281
Current smoking, n (%)
115 (71.9%)
36 (66.7%)
79 (74.5%)
0.353
BMI
24.6 [22.9–26.6]
25.0 [21.9–26.9]
24.6 [23.4–26.5]
0.734
SBP (mmHg)
134.9 ± 23.8
137.7 ± 25.3
133.5 ± 23.1
0.299
DBP (mmHg)
84.4 ± 16.2
85.3 ± 17.2
84.0 ± 15.7
0.637
HR (beats/min)
76.8 ± 15.7
73.7 ± 15.6
78.4 ± 15.6
0.075
Killip class
0.053
I
122 (76.2%)
35 (64.8%)
87 (82.1%)
II
32 (20.0%)
16 (29.6%)
16 (15.1%)
III
6 (3.8%)
3 (5.6%)
3 (2.8%)
Medical history, n (%)
Hypertension
77 (48.1%)
31 (57.4%)
46 (43.4%)
0.131
Diabetes mellitus
49 (30.6%)
20 (37.0%)
29 (27.4%)
0.283
Dyslipidemia
68 (42.5%)
21 (38.9%)
47 (44.3%)
0.624
Time to reperfusion, min
DTB, min
68.0 [57.0–80.0]
69.5 [52.0–83.0]
68.0 [59.0–80.0]
0.779
SHT, min
120.0 [60.0–210.0]
144.0 [71.0–360.0]
95.0 [60.0–174.0]
0.003
SBT, min
188.5 [125.5–293.0]
235.0 [159.0–397.0]
162.0 [115.0–265.0]
0.001
Echocardiographic analysis
LVEDD (mm)
49.0 [46.0–51.0]
48.0 [45.0–51.0]
49.0 [46.0–51.0]
0.664
LVESD (mm)
36.0 [33.0–38.0]
34.0 [32.0–39.0]
36.0 [33.0–38.0]
0.489
LVEF (%)
46.5 ± 7.0
44.7 ± 6.8
47.3 ± 7.0
0.028
E/e’
10.1 [8.4–11.9]
10.5 [9.3–12.5]
9.8 [8.0–11.2]
0.024
WMSI
1.6 [1.2–1.8]
1.7 [1.3–1.8]
1.5 [1.2–1.8]
0.040
LV mass (g)
188.1 [158.2–213.6]
193.5 [147.8; 220.6]
188.1 [158.8; 207.3]
0.690
LV mass index (g/m2)
104.8 [88.9; 116.7]
107.9 [89.2; 119.3]
103.4 [88.9; 114.5]
0.424
Cardiac biomarkers
CK peak, IU/L
2373.0 [774.0–4276.0]
3102.0 [1406.0–5580.0]
2020.0 [729.0–3897.0]
0.028
CK-MB peak, ng/mL
224.9 [78.2–370.0]
289.4 [129.0–465.9]
188.0 [73.0–334.0]
0.010
Troponin-I peak, ng/mL
82.7 [21.0–148.4]
100.0 [47.0–250.0]
66.0 [17.4–122.5]
0.084
NT-proBNP, pg/mL
70.0 [23.0–255.5]
106.0 [36.0–293.5]
51.5 [21.0–186.0]
0.054
Renal function
BUN, mg/dL
15.3 [12.9–18.3]
14.9 [12.2–18.5]
15.4 [13.3–18.1]
0.582
Creatinine, mg/dL
1.0 [0.9–1.2]
1.0 [0.9–1.2]
1.0 [0.9–1.1]
0.543
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
77.5 [68.0–91.1]
72.0 [62.7–91.2]
79.5 [71.3–91.1]
0.081
eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n (%)
18 (11.2%)
9 (16.7%)
9 (8.5%)
0.184
BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase muscle/brain; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DTB, door to balloon time; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, heart rate; IMR, index of microcirculatory resistance; LV, left ventricle; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SBT, symptom onset to balloon time; SHT, symptom onset to hospital time; WMSI, wall motion score index.
