Research Article
Intracardiac Echocardiography as a Guide for Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Table 3
Comparison between TC-PDA with and without ICE guidance.
| | | With ICE guidance N = 10 | Without ICE guidance N = 16 |
| | Age (years old) | 35.4–85.0 (62.8) | 25.1–82.6 (64.1) | | Sex (male/female) | 5/5 | 5/11 | | Body weight (kg) | 29.0–73.2 (50.7) | 35.0–76.0 (50.7) | | Size of PA side PDA (mm) | 3.2–11.7 (4.5) | 2.3–9.0 (3.75) | | Pulmonary to systemic flow ratio | 1.4–2.4 (1.9) | 1.1–2.9 (1.8) | | Mean PA pressure (mmHg) | 11–64 (18.5) | 10.0–34.0 (20.0) | | PVR (U ⋅ M2) | 0.7–7.0 (2.1) | 0.8–4.2 (1.6) | | Fluoroscopic time (minutes) | 35.0–70.7 (49.7) | 14.0–65.2 (39.0) | | Contrast volume (ml/kg) | 0–2.4 (0.0) | 1.9–6.6 (3.0) | | Comorbidities | PH 3, AF 2, CKD 2 | Hypertension 2, AF 1 | | Hypertension 2 s/p PDA 1, MR 1 | PH 1, MR 1 | | s/p TAPVR + res ASD 1 | Basedow’s disease 1 | | Epilepsy 1 | Hypothyroidism 1 | | Congenital rubella synd. 1 | | Congenital CMV infection 1 | | Schizophrenia 1 | | Medications | DOAC 3 | | | Antihypertensives 3 | | Diuretics 3 | | Anticonvulsant 1 | | Anti-PH drug 1 |
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versus without ICE guidance. AF, atrial fibrillation; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CMV, cytomegalovirus; DOACs; non-vitamin K antagonist direct oral anticoagulants, ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; MR, mitral regurgitation; PA, pulmonary artery; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PH, pulmonary hypertension; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; TAPVR, total anomalous pulmonary venous return. |
