Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest due to Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation
Table 2
Summary of clinical parameters for patients placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) as part of the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) protocol.
Overall (n = 16)
Survivors (n = 4)
Nonsurvivors (n = 12)
value
Age (years)
56.4 ± 14.1
48.0 ± 16.7
59.3 ± 12.7
0.28
Previously diagnosed hypertension (n)
6
2
4
1.00
Previously diagnosed hyperlipidemia (n)
4
1
3
1.00
Previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus (n)
1
0
1
1.00
Previously diagnosed CAD (n)
5
1
4
0.57
Previously diagnosed stroke (n)
0
0
0
1.00
Previously diagnosed heart failure (n)
3
1
2
1.00
History of smoking (n)
7
2
5
1.00
EMS dispatch to CCL arrival (min)
44.2 ± 9.2
45.3 ± 6.1
43.8 ± 10.3
0.74
EMS on-scene to CCL arrival (min)
38.1 ± 9.0
40.8 ± 6.7
37.1 ± 9.7
0.43
Lactate in CCL (mg/dL)
11.9 ± 2.6
11.2 ± 3.1
12.2 ± 2.5
0.61
Pre-ECMO PaO2 (mmHg)
80 (50–414)
75 (56–414)
84 (50–330)
0.71
Pre-ECMO EtCO2 (mmHg)
29.3 ± 13.1
26.5 ± 6.1
30.4 ± 15.2
0.50
Pre-ECMO pH (g/dL)
7.09 ± 0.13
7.05 ± 0.15
7.10 ± 0.13
0.53
Pre-ECMO hemoglobin (g/dL)
13.1 ± 2.7
13.6 ± 2.7
12.8 ± 2.8
0.63
Presence of CAD ≥ 50% seen during coronary arteriogram (n)
8§
1
7§
0.28
PCI performed (n)
6
1
5
1.0
CAD = coronary artery disease; EMS = emergency medical services; EtCO2 = end-tidal carbon dioxide; PaO2 = partial pressure of oxygen; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention. Past medical history unable to be obtained in 4 of the 12 patients who did not survive. Median value used for PaO2 due to large standard deviation. §Coronary arteriogram was not performed in 1 patient who did not survive due to aortic rupture.
