Research Article
Glycemic Control Status and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Chronic Total Occlusion Patients: An Observational Study
Table 2
Baseline characteristics in propensity score-matched population.
| | Clinical characteristics | HbA1c < 7.0 (n = 353) | HbA1c ≥ 7.0 (n = 353) | value |
| | Age (year) | 59.28 ± 9.48 | 59.82 ± 9.67 | 0.458 | | Male | 276 (78.2) | 276 (78.2) | 1.000 | | Hypertension | 240 (68.0) | 241 (68.3) | 0.936 | | Dyslipidemia | 116 (32.9) | 130 (36.8) | 0.269 | | PVD | 5 (1.4) | 10 (2.8) | 0.192 | | Prior MI | 184 (52.1) | 184 (52.1) | 1.000 | | Prior PCI | 63 (17.8) | 65 (18.4) | 0.845 | | Prior stroke | 15 (4.2) | 19 (5.4) | 0.482 | | Heart failure | 93 (26.3) | 106 (30.0) | 0.277 | | Systolic heart failure | 43 (12.2) | 48 (13.6) | 0.574 | | Diastolic heart failure | 50 (14.2) | 58 (16.4) | 0.403 | | CKD | 5 (1.4) | 6 (1.7) | 0.761 | | COPD/asthma | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 1.000 | | Hyperuricemia | 70 (19.8) | 71 (20.1) | 0.925 | | Smoking | 167 (47.3) | 169 (47.9) | 0.880 | | Drinking | 51 (14.4) | 46 (13.0) | 0.585 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 26.53 ± 3.14 | 26.49 ± 3.10 | 0.863 |
| | Laboratory examination | | LVEF (%) | 61.00 (56.00–66.00) | 61.00 (55.00–66.00) | 0.692 | | RWMA | 105 (29.7) | 105 (29.7) | 1.000 | | Baseline fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.22 (6.09–8.50) | 7.38 (6.15–9.15) | 0.052 | | Baseline HbA1c | 7.20 (6.70–7.60) | 7.30 (6.80–7.90) | 0.002 | | Baseline HbA1c ≥ 7.0 | 194 (54.96) | 230 (65.16) | | | Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 1.63 (1.20–2.33) | 1.63 (1.20–2.33) | 0.865 | | HDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.93 (0.81–1.05) | 0.94 (0.82–1.10) | 0.549 | | LDL-C (mg/dL) | 2.31 (1.85–3.05) | 2.34 (1.93–3.06) | 0.270 |
| | Medical treatment | | Aspirin | 348 (98.6) | 344 (97.5) | 0.280 | | P2Y12 inhibitor | 317 (89.8) | 316 (89.5) | 0.902 | | Statin | 333 (94.3) | 334 (94.6) | 0.869 | | Nitrites | 140 (39.7) | 141 (39.9) | 0.939 | | Beta-blocker | 270 (76.5) | 271 (76.8) | 0.929 | | CCB | 92 (26.1) | 85 (24.1) | 0.543 | | ACEI/ARB | 202 (57.2) | 199 (56.4) | 0.820 | | Insulin | 110 (31.2) | 130 (36.8) | 0.112 | | Sulfonylureas | 78 (22.1) | 64 (18.1) | 0.189 | | Nateglinide | 22 (6.2) | 21 (5.9) | 0.875 | | Biguanides | 140 (39.7) | 145 (41.1) | 0.701 | | Thiazolidinediones | 62 (17.6) | 58 (16.4) | 0.689 | | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 146 (41.4) | 134 (38.0) | 0.356 |
| | Angiographic characteristics | | CTO location | | LAD | 112 (31.7) | 110 (31.2) | 0.871 | | LCX | 99 (28.0) | 88 (24.9) | 0.348 | | RCA | 142 (40.2) | 155 (43.9) | 0.322 |
| | Number of diseased vessels | | 1 | 93 (26.3) | 90 (25.5) | 0.797 | | 2 | 138 (39.1) | 136 (38.5) | 0.877 | | 3 | 122 (34.6) | 127 (36.0) | 0.694 | | Syntax score# | 21.00 (17.50–26.50) | 21.00 (17.50–24.50) | 0.766 | | Rentrop grade ≥ 2# | 257 (83.2) | 256 (82.6) | 0.845 | | Abrupt stump# | 152 (49.2) | 155 (50.0) | 0.840 | | Calcification# | 66 (21.4) | 73 (23.5) | 0.514 | | Bending ≥ 45°# | 119 (38.5) | 130 (41.9) | 0.385 | | CTO length ≥ 20 mm# | 158 (51.1) | 171 (55.2) | 0.315 |
| | Procedural characteristics | | Retrograde approach | 29 (15.0) | 22 (11.5) | 0.302 |
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Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median with interquartile range. ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CCB: calcium-channel blocker; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTO: chronic total occlusion; HCY: homocysteine; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HF: heart failure; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; LCX: left circumflex artery; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; MT: medical therapy; PCI: percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; RCA: right coronary artery; RWMA: regional wall motion abnormality; TC: total cholesterol. #Cine angiogram records got from 619 (87.68%) individuals. Only patients who were treated with PCI. |
