Real-Time Monitoring and Step-by-Step Guidance for Transapical Mitral Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Using Transesophageal Echocardiography

Figure 1

The main steps of ValveClamp implantation. (a) A clamp is delivered to the left atrium. (b) The clamp is adjusted to the appropriate position, and the rear clamp is placed just under the leaflets, while the front clamp remains in the left atrium. (c) The front clamp is pulled back to capture the leaflets, and then the closed ring is moved forward to cover the ventricular end of the clamp arms, making them close to each other. (d) The clamp is released. Reproduced with permission from Pan et al. [10]. (e) Central illustration. The real-time workplane display mode simultaneously depicted X-plane views and 3D enface MV views, which is essential for navigating the main steps of ValveClamp implantation. ME, midesophageal; LAX, long-axis view.

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