The Impact of Aortic Valvular Calcium on Transcatheter Heart Valve Distortion

Table 4

Transthoracic echocardiogram parameters.

	Overall	Noneccentric calcification group	Eccentric calcification group	value
Peri-procedural TTE parameters	n = 118	n = 59	n = 59
Preprocedural TTE
Aortic valve area (cm^2)	0.65 ± 0.14	0.66 ± 0.15	0.64 ± 0.14	0.458
Mean gradient (mmHg)	48.2 ± 18.8	46.6 ± 20.2	49.7 ± 17.2	0.376
Maximum gradient (mmHg)	81.2 ± 27.0	75.4 ± 26.0	87.1 ± 26.9	0.018
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	59.8 ± 11.7	59.4 ± 12.7	60.3 ± 10.6	0.663
Postprocedural TTE
Aortic valve area (cm^2)	1.72 ± 0.30	1.67 ± 0.26	1.78 ± 0.33	0.043
Mean gradient (mmHg)	11.5 ± 4.6	11.8 ± 4.5	11.1 ± 4.8	0.424
Maximum gradient (mmHg)	22.3 ± 8.3	22.8 ± 8.4	21.7 ± 8.3	0.485
Paravalvular leak, n (%)				0.647
None/trivial	94 (79.7)	48 (81.4)	46 (78.0)
Mild	24 (20.3)	11 (18.6)	13 (22.0)
Moderate	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Severe	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
30-day TTE
Aortic valve area (cm^2)	1.66 ± 0.31	1.62 ± 0.27	1.71 ± 0.34	0.117
Mean gradient (mmHg)	13.1 ± 5.0	14.0 ± 5.0	12.3 ± 5.0	0.079
Maximum gradient (mmHg)	25.0 ± 9.7	26.1 ± 9.4	23.8 ± 9.9	0.194
Paravalvular leak, n (%)				0.261
None/trivial	70 (59.3)	38 (64.4)	32 (54.2)
Mild	48 (40.7)	21 (35.6)	27 (45.8)
Moderate	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Severe	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
1-year TTE	n = 89	n = 40	n = 49
Aortic valve area (cm^2)	1.59 ± 0.34	1.56 ± 0.32	1.62 ± 0.36	0.394
Mean gradient (mmHg)	13.9 ± 6.6	14.0 ± 6.4	13.9 ± 6.8	0.901
Maximum gradient (mmHg)	26.3 ± 12.1	25.7 ± 12.1	26.7 ± 12.2	0.703
Paravalvular leak, n (%)				0.172
None/trivial	52 (58.4)	27 (67.5)	25 (51.0)
Mild	35 (39.3)	13 (32.5)	22 (44.9)
Moderate	2 (2.2)	0 (0.0)	2 (4.1)
Severe	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)

Values are expressed as either mean ± SD or absolute frequency (percentage). TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram.