Safety and Feasibility of Ultrasound-Guided Access for Coronary Interventions through Distal Left Radial Route

Table 6

Factors contributing to Radial spasm.

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Small sized artery

Anatomic anomalies (radial loop, high take-off)

SAR>1

Female gender

Multiple catheter use

Repeated punctures

Moderate to severe procedural pain

Patient anxiety

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SAR: sheath outer diameter/artery ratio.