Association between the Angle of the Left Subclavian Artery and Procedural Time for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Table 1
Patient characteristics per study group.
Variable
Total N = 79
Angle of the subclavian artery in the coronal view of <70 (degrees) N = 38
Angle of the subclavian artery in the coronal view of ≥70 (degrees) N = 41
P values
Age (years)
68.9 ± 13.5
75.4 ± 11.7
62.9 ± 12.3
<0.001
Female sex
22 (27.8%)
16 (42.1%)
6 (14.6%)
0.007
Height (cm)
162.3 ± 9.5
159 ± 9.5
164.7 ± 8.8
0.03
Body mass index (kg/m2)
23.4 ± 3.2
23.4 ± 3.9
24.6 ± 3.6
0.17
Comorbidity
Hypertension
67 (84.8%)
36 (94.7%)
31 (75.6%)
0.02
Diabetes
28 (35.4%)
14 (36.8%)
14 (34.1%)
0.80
Dyslipidemia
51 (63.8%)
21 (55.3%)
29 (70.7%)
0.15
Smoking history
49 (62.0%)
23 (60.5%)
26 (63.4%)
0.79
Previous PCI
12 (15.2%)
7 (18.4%)
5 (12.2%)
0.54
Statin
24 (30.3%)
10 (26.3%)
14 (34.1%)
0.45
Laboratory examination
HbA1c (%)
6.3 ± 1.1
6.3 ± 0.9
6.2 ± 1.3
0.73
T-chol (mg/dL)
207.8 ± 53.6
201.0 ± 48.5
213.9 ± 57.8
0.30
LDL (mg/dL)
124.9 ± 47.2
116.8 ± 43.9
132.0 ± 50.3
0.17
HDL (mg/dL)
47.9 ± 12.3
46.8 ± 12.5
49.0 ± 12.4
0.42
TG (mg/dL)
122 (87, 169)
118 (82, 195)
122 (89, 166)
0.88
Creatinine
0.94 ± 0.41
0.95 ± 0.47
0.94 ± 0.35
0.97
Estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline (mL/min/1.73 m2)
58.9 ± 25.2
64.1 ± 32.5
54.0 ± 14.6
0.07
Peak creatinine kinase in patients with STEMIs (IU/L)
1245 (434, 2789)
855 (397, 1644)
1943 (472, 3042)
0.06
N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL)
635 (163, 2400)
890 (253, 3231)
478 (136, 1646)
0.23
Classification of acute coronary syndrome
STEMI
52 (65.8%)
24 (63.2%)
28 (68.3%)
0.63
Culprit lesion in the LAD
34 (43.6%)
19 (50.0%)
15 (37.5%)
0.27
Three-coronary vessel disease
28 (35.4%)
17 (44.7%)
11 (26.8%)
0.10
Pre-TIMI flow 3
29 (36.7%)
17 (44.7%)
12 (29.3%)
0.15
PCI procedure
Fluoroscopy time (min)
19.0 (13.6, 32.7)
23.9 (14.5, 38.1)
16.6 (13.3, 28.7)
0.09
Total procedure time (min)
69.9 ± 39.6
81.3 ± 45.2
59.4 ± 30.5
0.013
Sheath insertion to the first balloon time (min)
27.6 ± 13.1
34.4 ± 14.1
21.4 ± 8.3
<0.001
Contrast medium volume
136.7 ± 42.8
140.5 ± 40.2
133.3 ± 47.2
0.46
Changing guiding catheter
7 (8.9%)
5 (13.2%)
2 (4.9%)
0.25
Back up catheter
55 (69.6%)
28 (73.7%)
27 (65.9%)
0.45
Microcatheter used for culprit lesion wire crossing
19 (24.1%)
13 (34.2%)
6 (14.6%)
0.06
Predilation
67 (84.8%)
31 (81.6%)
36 (87.8%)
0.53
Postdilation
57 (72.2%)
25 (65.8%)
32 (78.0%)
0.22
Multiple stent implantation
24 (31.6%)
12 (32.4%)
12 (30.8%)
0.88
Side branch protection
30 (38.0%)
13 (34.2%)
17 (41.5%)
0.51
Aspiration
17 (21.5%)
9 (23.7%)
8 (19.5%)
0.65
Temporary pace maker
21 (26.6%)
11 (30.0%)
10 (24.4%)
0.67
Intra-aortic balloon pumping
10 (12.5%)
5 (13.2%)
5 (12.2%)
1.00
Impella
2 (2.5%)
0
2 (4.9%)
0.49
Not highly experienced operator
13 (16.5%)
8 (21.1%)
5 (12.2%)
0.37
PCI to multiple coronary vessels
9 (11.4%)
4 (10.5%)
5 (12.2%)
1.00
CT finding
Presence of subclavian artery calcification
42 (53.1%)
28 (73.7%)
14 (34.2%)
<0.001
Angle of the aortic root (degrees)
44.1 ± 8.6
45.5 ± 9.2
42.9 ± 7.9
0.17
Values are the median (25th, 75th quartile). HDL, high density lipoprotein; LAD, left descending artery; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LMT, left main trunk; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; T-cho, total cholesterol; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial; TG, triglyceride.
