Sex Difference in Coronary Artery Spasm Tested by Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Test in Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Table 1
Baseline clinical and angiographic parameters in patients who underwent acetylcholine provocation test.
Variables, N (%)
Overall patients
Matched patients
Men (n = 2506)
Women (n = 2985)
value
S.diff
Men (n = 1201)
Women (n = 1201)
value
S.diff
Baseline clinical characteristics
Age, years
52.4 ± 12.6
57.3 ± 11.7
<0.01
−0.40
54.6 ± 13.3
54.7 ± 12.1
0.966
−0.01
Blood pressure (BP)
Systolic BP
134 ± 19
136 ± 22
0.019
−0.08
134 ± 20
134 ± 21
0.163
0.03
Diastolic BP
80 ± 12
76 ± 13
<0.01
0.32
79 ± 12
79 ± 13
0.486
−0.01
Heart rate
70 ± 12
72 ± 13
<0.01
−0.15
71 ± 12
71 ± 12
0.975
0.01
Body mass index
24.5 ± 3.0
24.1 ± 3.3
<0.01
0.15
24.3 ± 2.9
24.2 ± 3.5
0.184
0.03
LV ejection fraction (%)
59.0 ± 3.8
59.2 ± 3.7
0.029
−0.05
59.1 ± 3.9
59.3 ± 3.0
0.858
−0.06
Risk factors
Hypertension
1080 (43.1)
1312 (44.0)
0.524
0.13
509 (42.4)
520 (43.3)
0.650
0.14
Diabetes
396 (15.8)
446 (14.9)
0.378
−0.22
176 (14.7)
185 (15.4)
0.607
0.19
New-onset diabetes
80 (3.2)
118 (4.0)
0.132
0.40
36 (3.0)
40 (3.3)
0.641
0.19
Insulin
41 (1.6)
45 (1.5)
0.702
−0.10
16 (1.3)
21 (1.7)
0.407
0.34
Dyslipidemia
707 (28.2)
829 (27.8)
0.717
−0.08
315 (26.2)
317 (26.4)
0.926
0.03
Current smokers
1040 (41.5)
94 (3.1)
<0.01
−8.13
98 (8.2)
94 (7.8)
0.763
−0.12
Current alcohol drinkers
1384 (55.2)
408 (13.7)
<0.01
−7.10
386 (32.1)
369 (30.7)
0.455
−0.25
Angiographic and clinical parameters during acetylcholine provocation test
CAS positive
1575 (62.8)
1535 (51.4)
<0.01
−1.52
748 (62.3)
611 (50.9)
<0.01
−1.52
Spontaneous spasm
506 (20.2)
594 (19.9)
0.788
−0.07
254 (21.1)
249 (20.7)
0.802
−0.09
Myocardial bridge
556 (22.2)
434 (14.5)
<0.01
−1.79
273 (22.7)
168 (14.0)
<0.01
−2.04
EKG change
106 (4.2)
124 (4.2)
0.889
−0.04
45 (3.7)
56 (4.7)
0.263
0.45
ST-segment elevation
28 (1.1)
43 (1.4)
0.291
0.29
10 (0.8)
25 (2.1)
0.011
1.03
ST-segment depression
40 (1.6)
39 (1.3)
0.369
−0.24
16 (1.3)
14 (1.2)
0.713
−0.15
T-inversion
19 (0.8)
27 (0.9)
0.553
0.16
8 (0.7)
12 (1.0)
0.369
0.37
Atrial fibrillation
21 (0.8)
22 (0.7)
0.672
−0.11
12 (1.0)
7 (0.6)
0.249
−0.47
Chest pain
1056 (42.1)
1413 (47.3)
<0.01
0.78
485 (40.4)
573 (47.7)
<0.01
1.11
AV block
645 (25.7)
820 (27.5)
0.148
0.34
304 (25.3)
323 (26.9)
0.377
0.31
Insignificant stenosis
Mild (<30%)
1197 (47.8)
1461 (48.9)
0.384
0.17
567 (47.2)
581 (48.4)
0.567
0.17
Mild (30–50%)
223 (8.9)
231 (7.7)
0.120
−0.40
97 (8.1)
98 (8.2)
0.940
0.03
Moderate (50–70%)
184 (7.3)
139 (4.7)
<0.01
−1.10
71 (5.9)
71 (5.9)
>0.99
0.00
Data are presented as N (%) or mean ± standard deviation; SD, standardized difference; LV, left ventricular; CAS, coronary artery spasm; ACh acetylcholine; AV, atrioventricular.
