Sex Difference in Coronary Artery Spasm Tested by Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Test in Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Table 2
Baseline clinical, medical treatment, and angiographic characteristics in patients with coronary artery spasms.
Variables, N (%)
Overall patients
Matched patients
Men (n = 1575)
Women (n = 1535)
value
S.diff
Men (n = 713)
Women (n = 713)
value
S.diff
Baseline characteristics
Age
54.4 ± 11.5
58 ± 11.1
<0.01
−0.31
56.5 ± 12.2
56.4 ± 11.5
0.793
0.01
Blood pressure (BP)
Systolic BP
133 ± 18
134 ± 21
0.499
−0.02
133 ± 18
133 ± 21
0.537
0.03
Diastolic BP
80 ± 11
75 ± 13
<0.01
0.37
78 ± 11
78 ± 13
0.983
0.00
Heart rate
69 ± 12
71 ± 12
0.002
−0.11
70 ± 12
69 ± 12
0.785
0.01
Pulse pressure
53 ± 14
58 ± 16
<0.01
−0.31
55 ± 15
54 ± 16
0.443
0.04
Body mass index (kg/m2)
24.6 ± 2.9
24.1 ± 3.3
<0.01
0.15
24.6 ± 2.9
24.3 ± 3.4
0.146
0.08
LV ejection fraction (%)
59.1 ± 3.3
59.2 ± 3.5
0.575
−0.03
59 ± 3.6
59 ± 3.8
0.877
0.01
Factors of risk
Hypertension
688 (43.7)
648 (42.2)
0.408
−0.22
296 (41.5)
296 (41.5)
>0.99
0.00
Diabetes
276 (17.5)
225 (14.7)
0.030
−0.72
115 (16.1)
116 (16.3)
0.943
0.03
New-onset diabetes
53 (3.4)
71 (4.6)
0.072
0.63
23 (3.2)
27 (3.8)
0.565
0.30
Insulin
29 (1.8)
20 (1.3)
0.228
−0.43
11 (1.5)
8 (1.1)
0.488
−0.36
Dyslipidemia
468 (29.7)
462 (30.1)
0.815
0.07
200 (28.1)
199 (27.9)
0.953
−0.03
Current smokers
666 (42.3)
52 (3.4)
<0.014
−8.16
60 (8.4)
52 (7.3)
0.431
−0.40
Current alcohol drinkers
882 (56.0)
229 (14.9)
<0.014
−6.92
218 (30.6)
206 (28.9)
0.487
−0.31
Baseline angiographic characteristics
Myocardial bridge
428 (27.2)
315 (20.5)
<0.014
−1.36
179 (25.1)
178 (25.0)
0.951
−0.03
Insignificant stenosis
Mild (<30%)
788 (50.0)
773 (50.4)
0.856
0.05
365 (51.2)
358 (50.2)
0.711
−0.14
Mild (30–50%)
160 (10.2)
129 (8.4)
0.092
−0.58
67 (9.4)
66 (9.3)
0.927
−0.05
Moderate (50–70%)
127 (8.1)
63 (4.1)
<0.014
−1.61
43 (6.0)
40 (5.6)
0.734
−0.17
Medications
Calcium channel blockers
1343 (85.3)
1325 (86.3)
0.402
0.11
610 (85.6)
608 (85.3)
0.881
−0.03
Diltiazem
1307 (83.0)
1285 (83.7)
0.585
0.08
593 (83.2)
595 (83.5)
0.887
0.03
Nitrate
1059 (67.2)
951 (62.0)
0.002
−0.66
461 (64.7)
465 (65.2)
0.824
0.07
Trimetazidine
837 (53.1)
829 (54.0)
0.629
0.12
383 (53.7)
372 (52.2)
0.559
−0.21
Nicorandil
515 (32.7)
463 (30.2)
0.128
−0.45
222 (31.1)
228 (32.0)
0.732
0.15
Molsidomine
122 (7.7)
110 (7.2)
0.538
−0.21
52 (7.3)
41 (5.8)
0.238
−0.60
Beta-blockers
98 (6.2)
122 (7.9)
0.061
0.65
50 (7.0)
54 (7.6)
0.684
0.21
ARBs
243 (15.4)
223 (14.5)
0.482
−0.23
97 (13.6)
109 (15.3)
0.366
0.44
ACE inhibitors
63 (4.0)
41 (2.7)
0.039
−0.73
29 (4.1)
29 (4.1)
>0.99
0.00
Aspirin
222 (14.1)
156 (10.2)
0.001
−1.13
96 (13.5)
96 (13.5)
>0.99
0.00
Statins
606 (38.5)
582 (37.9)
0.748
−0.09
268 (37.6)
269 (37.7)
0.956
0.02
Data are presented as N (%) or mean ± standard deviation. SD, standardized difference; LV, left ventricular; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
