Sex Difference in Coronary Artery Spasm Tested by Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Test in Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Table 5

Independent risk factors of MACE in CAS patients at follow-up period by multivariable Cox-proportional hazard ratio model analysis.

Variables	Men		Women
	Hazard ratio [95% CI]	value	Hazard ratio [95% CI]	value
Age	1.09 [1.02–1.17]	0.006	0.98 [0.90–1.08]	0.767
Hypertension	0.96 [0.29–3.11]	0.953	2.24 [0.35–14.0]	0.388
Uncontrolled blood pressure	0.89 [0.27–2.87]	0.847	1.20 [0.21–6.84]	0.837
Diabetes mellitus	1.00 [0.25–4.00]	0.997	1.22 [0.10–14.3]	0.873
Dyslipidemia	1.65 [0.49–5.55]	0.417	1.09 [0.15–7.75]	0.931
Current smokers	2.18 [0.65–7.23]	0.201	7.77 [0.52–115.4]	0.136
Current alcohol drinkers	0.80 [0.24–2.59]	0.710	1.11 [0.10–11.7]	0.927
Myocardial bridge	2.15 [0.65–7.12]	0.209	0.47 [0.04–5.03]	0.533
Insignificant stenosis
Mild (<30%)	1.08 [0.24–4.79]	0.919	1.73 [0.17–16.9]	0.636
Mild (30–50%)	0.93 [0.08–9.74]	0.954	18.1 [1.14–287.3]	0.040
Moderate (50–70%)	6.15 [1.12–33.5]	0.036	—	—
Medications
Calcium channel blockers	0.79 [0.15–3.97]	0.781	—	0.988
Nitrates	1.40 [0.34–5.77]	0.634	3.35 [0.34–32.6]	0.297
Beta-blockers	0.77 [0.08–6.71]	0.813	0.65 [0.03–12.5]	0.776
ARBs	0.13 [0.01–1.73]	0.125	—	0.976
ACE inhibitors	1.03 [0.1–10.04]	0.977	—	0.994
Aspirin	0.98 [0.22–4.33]	0.982	—	0.987
Statins	1.46 [0.39–5.43]	0.563	1.10 [0.14–8.50]	0.927

CAS, coronary artery spasm; CI, confidence interval; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.