Sex Difference in Coronary Artery Spasm Tested by Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Test in Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Table 6

Independent risk factors of recurrent angina in CAS patients at follow-up period using multivariable Cox-proportional hazard ratio model analysis.

Variables	Men		Women
	Hazard ratio [95% CI]	value	Hazard ratio [95% CI]	value
Age	1.01 [0.99–1.03]	0.232	1.00 [0.98–1.02]	0.728
Hypertension	1.01 [0.66–1.54]	0.958	1.07 [0.64–1.79]	0.788
Uncontrolled blood pressure	1.02 [0.68–1.54]	0.888	0.82 [0.51–1.33]	0.445
Diabetes mellitus	0.80 [0.47–1.36]	0.420	0.76 [0.39–1.49]	0.433
Dyslipidemia	1.07 [0.67–1.71]	0.749	1.67 [0.99–2.82]	0.053
Current smokers	1.29 [0.86–1.95]	0.212	1.30 [0.39–4.28]	0.658
Current alcohol drinkers	0.70 [0.46–1.06]	0.093	0.57 [0.25–1.27]	0.174
Myocardial bridge	0.72 [0.44–1.17]	0.192	1.70 [1.04–2.78]	0.034
Insignificant stenosis
Mild (<30%)	0.93 [0.58–1.49]	0.770	0.73 [0.43–1.25]	0.263
Mild (30–50%)	1.06 [0.49–2.28]	0.867	1.43 [0.66–3.09]	0.353
Moderate (50–70%)	2.83 [1.48–5.41]	0.002	1.72 [0.63–4.72]	0.286
Medications
Calcium channel blockers	1.72 [0.78–3.77]	0.174	0.73 [0.36–1.47]	0.392
Nitrates	2.35 [1.33–4.16]	0.003	1.90 [1.07–3.37]	0.028
Beta-blockers	1.38 [0.68–2.81]	0.365	1.71 [0.88–3.34]	0.113
ARBs	0.60 [0.31–1.15]	0.129	0.51 [0.23–1.12]	0.097
ACE inhibitors	1.09 [0.45–2.61]	0.844	0.32 [0.04–2.38]	0.267
Aspirin	1.34 [0.80–2.27]	0.262	0.88 [0.43–1.83]	0.749
Statins	1.30 [0.82–2.05]	0.254	1.34 [0.77–2.31]	0.289

CAS, coronary artery spasm; CI, confidence interval; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.